![]() Not uncommonly this lack of decision is aggravated by the absence of a classification of cranial and facial trauma, causing difficulties for rational and integrated efforts between medical specialties involved in the care of trauma patients 32. Usually during the first moments there is confusion and competition between health professionals about who should see these patients, particularly between specialists with common areas of expertise 31. The common reality in most emergency units is that almost always there are no teams prepared for this kind of care when such care is provided, it is chaotic and fragmented. Such violence raises questions about the capability of health units to offer adequate emergency care to victims. ![]() Between 19, there was a 10.4% reduction in the proportion of deaths per traffic accident as part of the total number of accidents, which now stands at 25%, whereas the proportion of homicides increased 27.2%, reaching 38.3% of the total number of accidents.ĭata from the Brazilian Association of Traffic Departments in four state capitals show that 27.2% of traffic accident victims had blood alcohol content above the 0.6 g/L legal limit. Preliminary data in Brazil show that the incidence of traffic accidents is falling. (1994) show that seat belt adoption in the USA during the past 10 years reduced the incidence of multiple facial fractures, particularly zygomatic bone fractures, from 46.3% and 80.6% to 20.1% and 50% 28,29. For some authors the introduction of safety devices, including compulsory use of seat belts, air bags and side protection bars begin to reduce if not the rates, at least the complexity of facial fractures 27,28. Educational preventive campaigns together with strict laws, particularly for traffic infractions, attempt to change the present frightening scenario of motor vehicle accidents and urban violence 26,27. Understanding the gravity of this situation, society attempts to organize itself to face this authentic war. It is no coincidence that most of these injuries occur during weekends when parties, bars, and other similar activities favor drug and alcohol abuse for leisure and fun. The most common causes for young people up to the fourth decade of life include motor vehicle accidents, physical aggression and sports trauma 19–22.Īt present the association between alcohol and drug use, driving and urban violence leads to increasingly complex facial trauma 25. Facial fractures result from games and child play in children and falls at home in the elderly 13–18. In certain regions of our country and in parts of Europe bicycles are widely used for leisure or transport, increasing the possibility of accidents with this vehicle. When compressed between bone and external trauma forces, soft tissue may present a variety of injuries (cuts, laceration, hemorrhage, hematomas, etc.) adding to the harmful effects of bone fractures 7,8.įacial trauma has a heterogeneous etiology and the predominance of one or another factor is due to characteristics of the population under study (age, gender, social status, urban and residential sites) 9–12. Skin is thin and elastic, subcutaneous tissue is delicate, muscles are superficial and there is extensive vascularization and innervation. Facial skin and bone are extremely exposed to such trauma due to their anterior location. In the last four decades facial trauma has become an unavoidable theme among physicians due to increased frequency as a result of the growing incidence of motor vehicle accidents and urban violence 1–6. Conclusions: Accidents with automobiles continue being the main cause of facial trauma, especially of multiple factures due to the great transmission of kinetic energy. ![]() Among the causes, accidents with automobiles (28,3%), aggressions (21%) and accidental fall s (19,5%) were the most common. The jaw was the most affected place (35%), followed by zygoma (24%) and by the nose (23%), though most patients presented a single facial fracture (82,5%). ![]() Regarding occupation, the trauma was mostly occurred to students (16,6%) and Masons (11,2%). Results: There was a higher incidence of facial trauma on men (84,9%), white (82,7) and with an average age of 29. Material and Method: Retrospective study consulting hospital registers of 513 patients victms of the facial trauma. Design study: retrospective clinical with transversal cohort. Aim: To evaluate the features of the population victim of facial trauma as to gender, age, occupation, origin, type of fracture and its cause. Both of which continue being the main cause of such traumas. Facial trauma has presented an increasing occurrence in the last four decades, due especially to the growth of accidents with automobiles as well as to the urban violence.
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